Wednesday, October 11, 2017

Great War as a planned event

The cataclysm that engulfed the world from 1914 to 1918 obliterated the lives of nearly 20 million humans.  The ferocity of the war was not unexpected, but the length of the conflict surprised most military and political leaders alike.  After German surrender, the bloodied Entente powers, especially France, looked to blame the war on Germany, and to a lesser extent, Austria.

The treaty ending the war charged Germany with war guilt, and imposed massive reparations payments.  The assignment of guilt for the war to Germany caused deep resentment, an issue Hitler used to promote his views of a betrayed, unbeaten nation.

The Great Depression had a particularly severe effect on the German people.  Former enemies, including Britain, began to ease their views of German responsibility for the war, and eventually welcomed Germany into the league of nations.
Also, revisionists proposed the theory that the alliances, arms race, imperial conflicts, rigid military plans caused the combatants to "stumble" into the war.  That view became dominant and was held up as a lesson that terrible wars can ignite and burn fiercely for years.  In the 1960s, the German historian Fisher published his book about Germany's aims in the war.  He proposed and provided compelling evidence that the German state wanted war and set about to make it happen.  They concluded they could quickly beat France, then turn on Russia and defeat them and dictate terms to both.  They assumed that Britain would stay out of the war.

The book was rejected or at least me with vigorous skepticism.  At about the same time,"The Guns of August" appeared to great acclaim, reinforcing the bumbling, inept statesmen theory.

Several books have appeared recently to revisit the outbreak of WWI.  Reviews have raised the Fisher theory issue once again, but this time - with more material available - more scholars have adopted the German plan for war theory.

Which view is correct?